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改革開放三十多年來(lái)，我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)得到了飛速發(fā)展，但是也付出了很大的代價(jià)，特別是對(duì)大自然環(huán)境的污染和破壞，隨著國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)民眾對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的日益重視，**有關(guān)環(huán)保政策和節(jié)能減排措施的推行，用戶和市場(chǎng)對(duì)罐式專用車的要求必將越來(lái)越多，特別是在新能源消耗及成本**方面
Thirty years of reform and opening up, China's national economy has been rapid development, but also paid a great price, especially on the nature of environmental pollution and destruction, with the domestic and international people increasingly attach importance to environmental protection, the relevant national environmental policies and the implementation of energy-saving emission reduction measures, user and market of tank car the requirements will be more and more, especially in the new energy consumption and cost control
一、我國(guó)罐式專用車發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
一、我國(guó)罐式專用車發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
First, the status quo of the development of China's tank car
罐式車作為重要的物流設(shè)備，在汽車運(yùn)輸行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用極其廣泛。隨著我國(guó)**建設(shè)投入的加大，物流行業(yè)發(fā)展越來(lái)越快，這位我國(guó)專用車發(fā)展提供了巨大機(jī)遇。罐式專用車的專業(yè)特性，特別是專項(xiàng)作業(yè)的功能，被各個(gè)行業(yè)**域所接受，在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展中具有重要作用。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)罐式專用車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，公告目錄內(nèi)有947家，大多為中小型企業(yè)，年產(chǎn)量小于1000輛的企業(yè)超過(guò)半數(shù)。
As an important logistics equipment, the tank car is widely used in the automobile transportation industry. With the increase of China's traffic construction investment, the development of the logistics industry is getting faster and faster, and the development of China's special vehicle offers great opportunities. The professional characteristics of the tank type special vehicle, especially the function of the special operation, has been accepted by each industry field, and has important function in the national economy and social development. At present, the domestic tank type special vehicle production enterprises, there are 947 announcements, mostly small and medium enterprises, the annual output of less than 1000 units more than half of the enterprises.
從罐式車銷售量看，2006年銷售30324輛，2007年銷售44284輛,2008年銷售67363輛，2009年銷售79745輛，2010年銷售124450輛，2011年銷售107967輛，2012年銷售76931輛，從2006-2011年的銷售量可以看出，罐式汽車先是呈現(xiàn)出快速發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)，自2011年起，其銷售量占專用車整體比例出現(xiàn)了下滑，這與**整個(gè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)大環(huán)境是密不可分的。
From the tank car sales, 2006 sales of 30324 units, sales in 2007 44284, 2008 sales of 67363 units, sales in 2009 79745, 2010 sales of 124450 units, sales in 2011 107967, 2012 sales of 76931 vehicles, from 2006-2011 years of sales can be seen, the tank car is showing a trend of rapid development since 2011. Since the car sales accounted for the overall proportion of the decline, which are closely related to the whole national economic environment.
在看到國(guó)內(nèi)罐式專用車取得成績(jī)的同時(shí)，我們也應(yīng)該注意到，我國(guó)罐式汽車發(fā)展仍然存在著一些亟待解決的問(wèn)題，具體來(lái)說(shuō)，有以下幾個(gè)方面：
At the same time, we should also note that there are still some problems that need to be solved in the development of the tank car in our country, specifically, there are the following aspects:
1、高端產(chǎn)品缺乏自主開發(fā)能力
1, the lack of independent development capabilities of high-end products
目前國(guó)內(nèi)總質(zhì)量30t、功率224kW(300ps)以下自卸車、箱式車、罐式車、半掛牽引車等運(yùn)輸類專用汽車底盤基本可以滿足市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)，但是，一些技術(shù)含量較高、結(jié)構(gòu)要求較復(fù)雜、批量較小的作業(yè)類專用汽車底盤如八米三以上的混凝土攪拌運(yùn)輸車、大型混凝土泵車、224kW以上的半掛牽引車、40t以上的起重汽車、大型消防車等底盤具有少量供應(yīng)且品質(zhì)不高。像飛機(jī)牽引車、罐式車等要求特殊的一些專用汽車底盤，目前基本是空白，主要依靠進(jìn)口。
At present, the total power quality 30t, 224kW (300ps) following dump truck, van, tank car, tractor and other transport special vehicle chassis can basically meet the market supply, but some of the technical content of operation of special automobile chassis structure, high requirements are more complex and smaller quantities such as concrete eight meters above three the mixing truck, above the large concrete pump truck, 224kW tractor, above 40t autohoist, large fire truck chassis with a small amount of supply and the quality is not high. Like aircraft tractor, tank car and other special requirements of some special vehicle chassis, the current basic is blank, mainly rely on imports.
2、技術(shù)水平落后、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)失衡、發(fā)展不均
2, the technical level is backward, the product structure is unbalanced, uneven development
目前，國(guó)內(nèi)罐式專用車從技術(shù)工藝角度看，有引進(jìn)、消化和吸收，也取得了一些進(jìn)步，但是通過(guò)外品牌相比，仍然存在很大的差距，可以說(shuō)主要還是停留在模仿階段，同質(zhì)化現(xiàn)象十分普遍，專用車的品種還較少，雷同現(xiàn)象十分嚴(yán)重。表現(xiàn)在核心技術(shù)缺失，重、中、輕、高、中、普、特、新比例失調(diào)，大多數(shù)企業(yè)只能生產(chǎn)中型普通專用車、其他類型的專用車產(chǎn)量仍較少且能能簡(jiǎn)單。高技術(shù)含量、高附加值、高可靠性的國(guó)產(chǎn)罐式專用車還不夠多，這些都嚴(yán)重影響了我國(guó)罐式專用車行業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)。
At present, the domestic tank special vehicle technology from the point of view, the introduction of digestion and absorption, but also made some progress, but by foreign brands, there are still a large gap, can be said to still stay in the imitation stage, the homogenization phenomenon is very common, special car varieties less, the same phenomenon is very serious. Performance in the absence of core technology, heavy, medium, light, high, medium, low, special, new proportion imbalance, the majority of enterprises can only produce medium-sized ordinary cars, other types of special vehicle production is still less and can be simple. High technology content, high added value, high reliability of the domestic tank car is not enough, these have seriously affected the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of China's tank car industry.
3、關(guān)鍵部件無(wú)法自主生產(chǎn)
3, the key components can not be produced independently
到現(xiàn)在為止，國(guó)產(chǎn)罐式專用汽車底盤還十分匱乏。我國(guó)生產(chǎn)的專用車，仍大多是采用東風(fēng)、解放、斯太爾、依維柯等普通載貨(客)車底盤，經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)整軸距等小幅度的改動(dòng)進(jìn)行改裝的，根本談不上特種車專用底盤的技術(shù)儲(chǔ)備;生產(chǎn)出的大部分罐車車仍基本是技術(shù)含量低、售價(jià)低的勞動(dòng)密集型的普通罐車，如低噸位加油車、半掛牽引罐車、運(yùn)輸罐車等。即使目前國(guó)內(nèi)廠家生產(chǎn)的比較**的斯太爾系列汽車底盤，其技術(shù)在國(guó)際上已經(jīng)顯得很落后，在國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中處于非常被動(dòng)的地位。
Up to now, the domestic pot type special vehicle chassis is also very scarce. Special vehicle production in China, still mostly by Dongfeng, liberation, Steyr, Yi Weike and other ordinary trucks (passenger car chassis), after adjustment such small changes wheelbase for modification, technical reserves no special special vehicle chassis; produce most of the tank car is still the basic technical content is low the price is low, the labor intensive ordinary tanker, such as low tonnage tanker truck, semi-trailer tanker, tanker etc.. Even if the domestic manufacturers of advanced Steyr automobile chassis, the technology in the world is very backward, in a very passive position in international competition.
4、受相關(guān)行業(yè)發(fā)展水平的制約
4, affected by the level of development of the relevant industry constraints
我國(guó)罐式專用汽車專用裝置的關(guān)鍵部件總體水平不太高，如液壓件、泵類、閥類、**儀表等還未達(dá)到較高的技術(shù)水平，制約了高水平專用汽車的研發(fā)生產(chǎn)
The overall level of key parts of tank type special vehicle special device in our country is not too high, such as the technical level of hydraulic parts, pumps, valves, and other control instruments have not yet reached the high, restricting the high level of special vehicle research and production
5、行業(yè)規(guī)模偏小，市場(chǎng)集中度低
5, the industry size is small, the market concentration is low
總的來(lái)看罐式專用汽車企業(yè)近年來(lái)市場(chǎng)表現(xiàn)良好，但規(guī)模小、技術(shù)力量薄弱，依然是專用車企業(yè)普遍存在的問(wèn)題。同一類產(chǎn)品有數(shù)十家企業(yè)生產(chǎn)，一家企業(yè)又生產(chǎn)很多類產(chǎn)品，與發(fā)達(dá)**同一類產(chǎn)品**多是三五家企業(yè)生產(chǎn)，一家企業(yè)**多也只生產(chǎn)幾種產(chǎn)品形成了鮮明對(duì)比。市場(chǎng)集中度不高，專用汽車企業(yè)生產(chǎn)不“?！薄?/div>
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The whole tank special automobile enterprises in recent years the market performance is good, but the small scale, weak technical force, is still the prevalent problems of special purpose vehicle enterprise. The same type of products there are dozens of enterprises, enterprises and the production of many products, developed countries and the same type of products up to 35 enterprises, an enterprise most can only produce several products in stark contrast. Market concentration is not high, the production of special automobile enterprises is not special".
二、我國(guó)罐式專用汽車的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
Two, the development trend of China's pot type special vehicle
(一)高技術(shù)、高附加值的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
(a) the development trend of high technology and high added value
隨著市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)愈演愈烈、國(guó)內(nèi)人口紅利消失。微利時(shí)代的到來(lái)，以量和價(jià)格取勝的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)將逐步退出舞臺(tái)。以創(chuàng)新技術(shù)提高產(chǎn)品附加值和技術(shù)含量來(lái)替代以往的低層次產(chǎn)能擴(kuò)張將成為我國(guó)罐式車行業(yè)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式。
With the growing competition in the market, the domestic population dividend disappeared. The arrival of low profit era, the quantity and price to win the competitive advantage will gradually withdraw from the stage. With innovative technology to improve product value and technical content to replace the previous low level capacity expansion will become the new economic growth mode of China's tank car industry.
(二)清潔、節(jié)能、環(huán)保的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
(two) the development trend of clean, energy saving and environmental protection
隨著**對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)及節(jié)能減排目標(biāo)的日益重視，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)**環(huán)境目標(biāo)的產(chǎn)品將有廣闊的市場(chǎng)。
With the country's increasing emphasis on environmental protection and energy saving and emission reduction targets, the products of the country's environmental goals will have a broad market.
(三)輕量化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
(three) the development trend of lightweight
由于運(yùn)輸成本的不斷上升、**節(jié)能減排的迫切要求、國(guó)外新材料新技術(shù)罐式專用車的**優(yōu)勢(shì)沖擊，罐式車輕量化是我國(guó)汽車行業(yè)發(fā)展的必由之路。
Due to the rising cost of transportation, the urgent requirement of national energy saving and emission reduction, and the absolute advantage impact of new materials and new technology in foreign countries, the light weight of the tank car is the only way for the development of China's automotive industry.
(四)重型化、多軸化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
(four) the trend of the development of heavy and multi axis
隨著**經(jīng)濟(jì)和高速公路的快速發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)貨車運(yùn)輸?shù)木窒扌匀找姹┞?，為降低物流成本，提高運(yùn)輸效率，提升集約化程度和物流技術(shù)水平，實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排的目標(biāo)，重型化、多軸化的全掛和半掛運(yùn)
With the rapid development of the national economy and highway, limitation of freight transport increasingly exposed, in order to reduce logistics cost, improve transport efficiency, enhance the intensive degree and the level of logistics technology, achieve the goal of energy conservation, heavy duty and multi axis of the trailer and semi-trailer.
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